Immunogenicity Response and Adverse Drug Reaction of Covid-19 Vaccine in Pregnancy and Lactation: Rapid Review
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Abstract
Vaccines have emerged as a solution to COVID-19 and have been demonstrated to be effective in preventing severe complications. However, evidence regarding their safety and immunogenicity in pregnant and lactating women remains limited. This rapid review synthesized available evidence on the immunogenicity and safety of COVID-19 vaccines during pregnancy and lactation. Article selection was conducted using PubMed, ScienceDirect, and MEDLINE from database inception until June 10, 2023, using the search strategy ("COVID-19 vaccine") AND ("Pregnancy") AND/OR ("Lactation"). Studies included English-language randomized controlled trials and clinical trials involving human subjects who received COVID-19 vaccines, and methodological quality was assessed using the Jadad and MINORS scores. Based on the 9 articles included, IgA and IgG levels increased in maternal blood and breastmilk following vaccination with mRNA, viral vector, and recombinant protein subunit vaccines, with responses varying by vaccine type, dose, and sampling time. The immunogenicity response generated by the vaccine may boost the infant immunity by transferring antibodies through the placenta and breastmilk. The results indicate that no serious vaccine-related adverse effects have been observed with COVID-19 vaccines administered during pregnancy and lactation in mothers or infants across studies.
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