Effect of quercetin and avobenzone concentration on physical characteristics and in vitro activity of sunscreen
Main Article Content
Abstract
Quercetin is a flavonoid compound that has great potential activity, one of which is a chemical absorber of ultraviolet (UV) radiation, especially UV B radiation. The objective of the present study was to optimize quercetin as a UV B absorber combined with avobenzone as a UV A absorber in sunscreen cream formulation. Optimization was carried out by factorial design method using Design Expert 11.0 Software, with viscosity, pH, Sun Protection Factor (SPF) value, Percent of Erythema Transmission (% TE), and Percent of Pigmentation Transmission (% TP). The results showed that the quercetin factor was decreasing viscosity, pH, % TE, and % TP value but increasing the SPF value of the formulation. Avobenzone factor affected the increase of viscosity, pH, and SPF value but decreased the % TE and TP value. The interaction of quercetin and avobenzone significantly affected decreasing the viscosity and pH value but increased the SPF < % TE, and % TP value. Evaluation of optimum formula obtained by the overlay contour plot on the software resulting viscosity cream at 338,33 dPas, pH value at 5,40; SPF value at 33,31; % TE at 2,62x10-3 % and % TP at 1,56x10-5 %.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
The authors retain the copyright and grant the journal the right of first publication simultaneously under the Creative Commons Attribution License. This license allows others to share the work with proper acknowledgment of authorship and initial publication in this journal. Authors are permitted and encouraged to deposit their articles in institutional repositories, on their personal websites, or in other online repositories after the article has been published in JSFK.
References
. Khan, M. A. (2018). Sun Protection Factor Determination Studies of Some Sunscreen Formulations Used in Cosmetics for Their Selection. Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics, 8(5-s), 149–151. https://doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v8i5-s.1924
. Biniek, K., Levi, K., & Dauskardt, R. H. (2012). Solar UV radiation reduces the barrier function of human skin. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 109(42), 17111–17116. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1206851109
. Asyifaa, D. A., Gadri, A., & Sadiyah, E. R. (2018). Formulation of Lip Cream With Natural Dyes From Roselle Flower (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) and It’s Stabillity. Matematika Dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam, 1–9.
. Choquenet, B., Couteau, C., Paparis, E., & Coiffard, L. J. M. (2008). Quercetin and rutin as potential sunscreen agents: Determination of efficacy by an in vitro method. Journal of Natural Products, 71(6), 1117–1118. https://doi.org/10.1021/np7007297
. Setyawati, N. kadek, Indira, I. G. A. A. E., & Puspawati, N. M. D. (2019). Melasma Incidence and Profile at Sanglah Central General Hospital Denpasar Period January 2014 to December 20144. E-Jurnal Medika, 8(2), 1–7
. Tahar, N., Indriani, N., & Yenny Nonci, F. (2019). Sunscreen Effect of Binahong Leaves Extract (Anredera cordifolia). J.Pharm.Sci, 2(1), 29–35
. Abdassah, M., Aryani, R., Surachman, E., & Muchtaridi, M. (2015). In-vitro assessment of effectiveness and photostability avobenzone in cream formulations by combination ethyl ascorbic acid and alpha-tocopherol acetate. Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science, 5(6), 070–074. https://doi.org/10.7324/JAPS.2015.50611
. Wolverton. (2013). Comprehensive Dermatologic Drug Therapy Third Edition. Elsevier. https://medium.com/@arifwicaksanaa/pengertian-use-case-a7e576e1b6bf
. Elcistia, R., & Zulkarnain, A. K. (2018). Formula Optimization of o/w Cream Combination Oxybenzone and Titanium Dioxide and Its In Vivo Activity Testing. Majalah Farmaseutik, 14(2), 63–78. https://doi.org/10.22146/farmaseutik.v14i2.42596
. Rahmawati, D., Sukmawati, A., & Indrayudha, P. (2010). Formulation Cream Containing Essential Oil of Curcuma heyneana : Physical Characteristics Test and In Vitro Antifungal Activity Against Candida albicans. Majalah Obat Tradisional, 15(2), 56–63
. Xenograf, O. C., Wisudyaningsih, B., Muslichah, S., & Amrun, M. (2015). Formulation and Stress Testing of Ethanol Extract Edamame (Glycine max) O/W and W/O Cream. E-Jurnal Pustaka Kesehatan, 3(3), 424–429. https://jurnal.unej.ac.id/index.php/JPK/article/view/3030
. Meliala, D. I. P., Wahyudi, W., & Nelva, N. (2020). Formulation and activity test of cocoa bean extract sunscreen cream (theobroma cacao l.) with a combination of avobenzone and octyl methoxycinnamate. Jurnal Penelitian Farmasi & Herbal, 2(2), 50–58. https://doi.org/10.36656/jpfh.v2i2.278
. Daud, N. S., Musdalipah, & Lamadari, A. (2018). Optimization Formula of Sunscreen Lotion of Super Red Dragon Fruit Skin’s Extract (Hylocereus costaricensis) With D-Optimal Design. Jurnal Sains Farmasi & Klinis, 5(2), 72–77
. Cumpelik. (1972). Analytical Procedures and Evaluation of Sunscreens. 1. So•. Cosmet. Cher, 23, 333–345.
. Hidayat, I. R., Zuhrotun, A., & Sopyan, I. (2020). Design-Expert Software as a Pharmaceutical Formulation Optimization Tool. Majalah Farmasetika, 6(1), 99–120. https://doi.org/10.24198/mfarmasetika.v6i1.27842
. Silalahi, K. N., Fahrurroji, A., & Kusharyanti, I. (2015). The Optimization of Lotion Formula With Active Substances Combination of Vitamin C and Vitamin E as Antiaging and Stability Test of Lotion. Farmasi, 1–17.
. Mailana, D. (2016). Antioxidant Cream Formulation of Ethanolic Extract from Avocado Leaves (Persea americana Mill.). Acta Pharmaciae Indonesia, 4(2), 7–15. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781351072571
. Saryanti, D., Setiawan, I., & Safitri, R. A. (2019). Optimization of M/A Cream Formulas From Kepok Banana Peel Extract (Musa acuminata L.). Jurnal Riset Kefarmasian Indonesia, 1(3), 225–237
. Terra, A. L. M., Moreira, J. B., Costa, J. A. V., & Morais, M. G. de. (2021). Development of time-pH indicator nanofibers from natural pigments: An emerging processing technology to monitor the quality of foods. LWT - Food Science and Technology, 142, 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2021.111020
. Chebotarev, A. N., & Snigur, D. V. (2015). Study of the acid-base properties of quercetin in aqueous solutions by color measurements. Journal of Analytical Chemistry, 70(1), 55–59. https://doi.org/10.1134/S1061934815010062
. Mimiek, Suwarmi, & Purnaningtyas, A. A. (2006). Effect of Avobenzone Concentration on Physical Characteristics, SPF, And Release of Active Ingredients from Sunscreen Cream Base. Media Farmasi Indonesia, 5(1), 472–481
. Juanita, R. A., & Juliadi, D. (2020). Determination The Potential of Sunscreen From Cream Preparations of Ethanol Extract of Ceremai Leaves (Phyllanthus Acidus L.) with Uv-Vis Spectrophotometry UV-VIS. Jurnal Farmagazine, 7(1), 51. https://doi.org/10.47653/farm.v7i1.154
. Baki, G., & Alexander, K. S. (2015). Introduction to cosmetic formulation and technology. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
. Samti, E. M. 2022. The effectiveness of ethanol extract of bay leaves (syzygium polyanthum) as a photoprotective agent in avobenzone and octyl methoxycinnamate sunscreen cream preparations. Thesis. Jember: Fact. Farm. University. Jember.
. Sugihartini, N. (2011). Optimization Composition of Rice Flour and Ethanol Fraction of Plantago Major, L Leaf in Formulation of Sunscreen by Simplexlattice Design Method. Jurnal Ilmiah Kefarmasian, 1(2), 63–70.
. Fahlman, B. M., & Krol, E. S. (2009). Inhibition of UVA and UVB radiation-induced lipid oxidation by quercetin. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 57(12), 5301–5305. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf900344d
. Amorati, R., Baschieri, A., Cowden, A., & Valgimigli, L. (2017). The antioxidant activity of quercetin in water solution. Biomimetics, 2(3), 6–9. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomimetics2030009