Formulation and characterization SNE (self nanoemulsion) of astaxanthin from Haematococcus pluvialis as natural super antioxidant
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
Astaxanthin is a group of fat-soluble xanthophyll carotenoid found in many microorganisms and marine animals. The problem that exists in its use as active compound of antioxidants is due to lipophilicity and poor stability in the gastrointestinal tract thereby making low bioavailability. In this research offers the nanotechnology to develop astaxanthin nanoemulsion which is intended to improve the stability in the dosage form and also further developing new delivery paths in the use of antioxidants through transdermal delivery route so it has the optimal deliveries. In this research will be made nanoemulsion astaxanthin formulation to produce good physical and chemical characteristics. Nanoemulsion were prepared by using the self-nanoemulsifying (SNE) method. Optimizations of formula were performed ranging from oil phase screening, surfactant type screening, and optimization of ratio of oil phase : surfactant : co-surfactant. Characterization of nanoemulsion were carried out by physical characterizations including globul size and polydispersity index, zeta potential, visual appearance, and globul morphology. Chemical Characterization included the entrapment efficiency test. The results showed that the nanoemulsion Astaxanthin has a 10-20 nm globul size (with normal size distribution curve), the polydispersity index value is less than 0.5, the zeta potential is greater than (-20) mV, the entrapment efficiency is between 80-87%, and has spherical globules form.
Article Details
The authors retain the copyright and grant the journal the right of first publication simultaneously under the Creative Commons Attribution License. This license allows others to share the work with proper acknowledgment of authorship and initial publication in this journal. Authors are permitted and encouraged to deposit their articles in institutional repositories, on their personal websites, or in other online repositories after the article has been published in JSFK.
References
Kurashige, M., Okimasu, E., Inoue, M., & Utsumi, K. (1990). Inhibition of oxidative injury of biological membranes by astaxanthin. Physiological chemistry and physics and medical NMR, 22(1), 27–38.
Clark, R. M., Yao, L., She, L., & Furr, H. C. (2000). A comparison of lycopene and astaxanthin absorption from corn oil and olive oil emulsions. Lipids, 35(7), 803–806.
Rock, C. L. (1997). Carotenoids: biology and treatment. Pharmacology & therapeutics, 75(3), 185–197.
Paiva, S. A., & Russell, R. M. (1999). β-carotene and other carotenoids as antioxidants. Journal of the American College of Nutrition, 18(5), 426–433.
Zaripheh, S., & Erdman, J. W. (2002). Factors that influence the bioavailablity of xanthophylls. The Journal of Nutrition, 132(3), 531S–534S.
Parker, R. S. (1996). Absorption, metabolism, and transport of carotenoids. The FASEB Journal, 10(5), 542–551.
Choi, H. D., Kang, H. E., Yang, S. H., Lee, M. G., & Shin, W. G. (2011). Pharmacokinetics and first-pass metabolism of astaxanthin in rats. British Journal of Nutrition, 105(2), 220–227.
Pouton, C. W. (2000). Lipid formulations for oral administration of drugs: non-emulsifying, self-emulsifying and ‘self-microemulsifying’ drug delivery systems. European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 11, S93–S98.
Affandi, M. M. R., Abdullah, A., Julianto, T., & Majeed, A. B. A. (2012). Development of Simple High Performance Liquid Chromatographic Method for the Determination of Astaxanthin in Human Plasma. Food Science and Technology Research, 18(1), 107–113.
Gursoy, R. N., & Benita, S. (2004). Self-emulsifying drug delivery systems (SEDDS) for improved oral delivery of lipophilic drugs. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, 58(3), 173–182.
Rao, S. V. R., & Shao, J. (2008). Self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery systems (SNEDDS) for oral delivery of protein drugs: I. Formulation development. International journal of pharmaceutics, 362(1), 2–9.
Kyatanwar, A. U., Jadhav, K. R., & Kadam, V. J. (2010). Self micro-emulsifying drug delivery system (SMEDDS). Journal of Pharmacy Research, 3(2), 75–83.
Rowe, R. C., Sheskey, P. J., & Weller, P. J. (Eds.). (2006). Handbook of pharmaceutical excipients (Vol. 6). London: Pharmaceutical Press.
Gao, L., Zhang, D., & Chen, M. (2008). Drug nanocrystals for the formulation of poorly soluble drugs and its application as a potential drug delivery system. Journal of Nanoparticle Research, 10(5), 845–862.