Pengembangan Kuesioner Pengetahuan Sikap dan Tindakan Konsumen Dalam Swamedikasi Gangguan Pernapasan Dengan Pendekatan Health Belief Model (Studi Di Apotek Kota Surabaya Saat Pandemi COVID-19)
Main Article Content
Abstract
Swamedikasi atau pengobatan sendiri tanpa resep dokter mengalami peningkatan saat pandemi COVID-19. Peningkatan ini mendorong pentingnya mengetahui gambaran pengetahuan, sikap dan tindakan (KAP) konsumen swamedikasi terutama yang mengalami gangguan sistem pernapasan saat pandemi COVID-19. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengembangkan kuesioner dan melakukan validitas terhadap instrumen yang akan digunakan untuk mengetahui KAP konsumen swamedikasi gangguan sistem pernapasan di apotek Kota Surabaya saat pandemi COVID-19. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif survei yang dilakukan terhadap 201 responden di 15 apotek Kota Surabaya. Kuesioner KAP dikembangkan dengan pendekatan Health Belief Models (HBM) dan divalidasi menggunakan Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). Penelitian ini menghasilkan 18 butir kuesioner (3 faktor masing-masing 6 butir kuesioner) dengan factor loading terbaik. Semua factor loading secara statistik signifikan dan menunjukkan nilai di atas 0.4. Nilai indeks ketepatan model ditunjukkan oleh RMSR = 0.032 , GFI = 0.874, TLI = 0.914 , CFI = 0.93 , dan RMSEA = 0.072. Realibilitas diukur dengan menggunakan rumus Construct Realibility (CR) dengan hasil masing-masing 0.819 (faktor pengetahuan), 0.855 (faktor sikap) dan 0.860 (faktor tindakan). Kuesioner KAP pada penelitian ini merupakan instrumen yang valid dan reliabel untuk mengetahui gambaran pengetahuan, sikap dan tindakan konsumen swamedikasi gangguan pernapasan selama pandemi COVID-19.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
The authors retain the copyright and grant the journal the right of first publication simultaneously under the Creative Commons Attribution License. This license allows others to share the work with proper acknowledgment of authorship and initial publication in this journal. Authors are permitted and encouraged to deposit their articles in institutional repositories, on their personal websites, or in other online repositories after the article has been published in JSFK.
References
. Unicef, WHO, IFRC. Key Messages and Actions for Prevention and Control in Schools. Key Message Actions COVID-19 Prev Control Sch. 2020;(March):13. Available from: https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/key-messages-and-actions-for-covid-19-prevention-and-control-in-schools-march-2020.pdf?sfvrsn=baf81d52_4#:~:text=COVID-19 is a,2019-nCoV.’
. Indah FN. TINJAUAN PUSTAKA COVID-19: VIROLOGI, PATOGENESIS, DAN MANIFESTASI KLINIS. J Chem Inf Model. 2020;21(1):1–9. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101607%0Ahttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsu.2020.02.034%0Ahttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/cjag.12228%0Ahttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2020.104773%0Ahttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinf.2020.04.011%0Ahttps://doi.o
. WHO. Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) World Health Situation Report - 1. WHO Indones Situat Rep. 2020;2019(March):8.
. Https://www.gatra.com/detail/news/476890/kesehatan/tidak-tangani-covid-19-dokter-diimbau-tak-buka-praktek-. Tidak Tangani Covid-19, Dokter Diimbau Tak Buka Praktek _ Kesehatan.
. Https://www.kemkes.go.id/article/view/20041600001/seluruh-rs-diimbau-tak-buka-praktik-rutin-kecuali-emergensi.html. Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia ttg praktek dokter pandemi.
. Rokom. Suplai Vaksin COVID-19 Terbatas, Menkes Budi Atur Ulang Laju Vaksinasi COVID-19 [Internet]. 2021. Available from: https://sehatnegeriku.kemkes.go.id/baca/berita-utama/20210406/0437423/suplai-vaksin-covid-19-terbatas-menkes-budi-atur-ulang-laju-vaksinasi-covid-19/
. CNN Indonesia. Vaksinasi Covid Baru 2,03 Persen dari Target 181,5 Juta Warga [Internet]. Berita Peristiwa - CNN Indonesia. 2021. p. 1–1. Available from: https://www.cnnindonesia.com/nasional/20210312075855-20-616546/vaksinasi-covid-baru-203-persen-dari-target-1815-juta-warga
. Malik M, Tahir MJ, Jabbar R, Ahmed A, Hussain R. Self-medication during Covid-19 pandemic: challenges and opportunities. Drugs Ther Perspect. 2020;(0123456789):16–8. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40267-020-00785-z
. Erku DA, Belachew SA, Abrha S, Sinnollareddy M, Thomas J, Steadman KJ, et al. When fear and misinformation go viral: Pharmacists’ role in deterring medication misinformation during the “infodemic†surrounding COVID-19. 2020;(January).
. Susilo A, Rumende CM, Pitoyo CW, Santoso WD, Yulianti M, Herikurniawan H, et al. Coronavirus Disease 2019: Tinjauan Literatur Terkini. J Penyakit Dalam Indones. 2020;7(1):45. https://doi.org/10.7454/jpdi.v7i1.415
. Mudenda S, Witika BA, Sadiq MJ, Banda M, Mfune RL, Daka V, et al. Self-medication and its Consequences during & after the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic: A Global Health Problem. Eur J Environ Public Heal. 2020;5(1):em0066. https://doi.org/10.29333/ejeph/9308
. WHO. Guidelines for the Regulatory Assesment of Medicinal Products for use in Self-Medication. 2000;
. Chouhan K, Prasad SB. Self-medication and their consequences: A challenge to health professional. Asian J Pharm Clin Res. 2016;9(2):314–7.
. Bennadi D. Self-medication: A current challenge. J Basic Clin Pharm. 2014;5(1):19. https://doi.org/10.4103/0976-0105.128253
. Indonesia MKR. Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan Republik Indonesia Nomor 35 Tahun 2014 Tentang Standar Pelayanan Kefarmasian di Apotek [Internet]. Vol. 2014. Jakarta; 2014. Available from: https://repositories.lib.utexas.edu/handle/2152/39127%0Ahttps://cris.brighton.ac.uk/ws/portalfiles/portal/4755978/Julius+Ojebode%27s+Thesis.pdf%0Ausir.salford.ac.uk/29369/1/Angela_Darvill_thesis_esubmission.pdf%0Ahttps://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/dspace-jspui/ha
. WHO. a Guide To Developing Knowledge , Attitude and Practice Surveys. 2008;
. Goni MD, Naing NN, Hasan H, Wan-Arfah N, Deris ZZ, Arifin WN, et al. Development and validation of knowledge, attitude and practice questionnaire for prevention of respiratory tract infections among Malaysian Hajj pilgrims. BMC Public Health. 2020;20(1):1–10. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-020-8269-9
. Rav-Marathe K, Wan TTH, Marathe S. A Systematic Review on the KAP-O Framework for Diabetes Education and Research. Med Res Arch. 2016;4(1):1–21.
. Reitz SM. Health promotion theories. Willard Spackman’s Occup Ther Twelfth Ed. 2013;574–87.
. Budiastuti D, Bandur A. Validitas dan Reabilitas Penelitian [Internet]. Binus. 2018. 1–232 p. Available from: www.mitrawacanamedia.com
. Mya KS, Zaw KK, Mya KM. Developing and validating a questionnaire to assess an individual’s perceived risk of four major non-communicable diseases in Myanmar. PLoS One. 2021;16(4):e0234281. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0234281
. Jr JFH, Black WC, Babin BJ, Anderson RE, Black WC, Anderson RE. Multivariate Data Analysis. 2018. 95–120 p. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119409137.ch4
. Kline RB. Principles and practices of structural equation modelling 4th edition. Methodology in the social sciences. 2016. 1–554 p.
. DiStefano C, Hess B. Using confirmatory factor analysis for construct validation: An empirical review. J Psychoeduc Assess. 2005;23(3):225–41. https://doi.org/10.1177/073428290502300303
. Wolf EJ, Harrington KM, Clark SL, Miller MW. Sample Size Requirements for Structural Equation Models: An Evaluation of Power, Bias, and Solution Propriety. Educ Psychol Meas. 2013;73(6):913–34. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013164413495237